Courtyards Design Variants and Its Functions in Malaysian Hospitals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v1i1.15Abstract
The courtyard becomes a vital element that commonly applied in tropical buildings for its environmental, social and therapeutic potentials. However, effort to examine its usage and design variants is limited. This paper focuses on the application of courtyards in the context of Malaysian hospitals. Thirty-two courtyards were inventoried. Besides the courtyard functions, design variants were recorded in terms of its form and aspect ratio, courtyard orientation and physical features. The results revealed that the courtyards in the Malaysian hospitals buildings are creatively manipulated. The paper concludes with an outline of means to optimize a courtyard’s microclimatic and healing performances.
2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Keywords: Courtyard function; design variants; hospitals; environmental aspect
References
Al-Hemiddi, Nasser A., & Megren Al-Saud, Khalid A. (2001a). The effect of a ventilated interior courtyard on the thermal performance of a house in a hot-arid region. Renewable Energy, 24(3-4), 581-595.
Al-Hemiddi, Nasser A., & Megren Al-Saud, Khalid A. (2001b). The effect of a ventilated interior courtyard on the thermal performance of a house in a hot–arid region. Renewable Energy, 24(3–4), 581-595. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(01)00045-3
Aldawoud, Abdelsalam. (2008). Thermal performance of courtyard buildings. Energy and Buildings, 40(5), 906-910.
Almhafdy, Abdulbasit, Ibrahim, Norhati, Ahmad, Sabarinah Sh, & Yahya, Josmin. (2013). Courtyard Design Variants and Microclimate Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 101(0), 170-180. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.190
Berkovic, Sigalit, Yezioro, Abraham, & Bitan, Arieh. (2012). Study of thermal comfort in courtyards in a hot arid climate. Solar Energy, 86(5), 1173-1186. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.01.010
Edwards, B, Sibley, M., Hakmi, M., & Land, p. (2006). Courtyard housing: past, present and future: Spon Press.
Flinck, Daren. (2004). Come to the courtyard: Protocols of praising God in the postmodern world. (3124339 D.Min.), Drew University, Ann Arbor. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/docview/305178528?accountid=42518 ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Full Text database.
Kim, Myung-Jun, Yang, Hong-Seok, & Kang, Jian. (2014). A case study on controlling sound fields in a courtyard by landscape designs. Landscape and Urban Planning, 123(0), 10-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.12.001
Meir, Isaac A., Pearlmutter, David, & Etzion, Yair. (1995). On the microclimatic behavior of two semi-enclosed attached courtyards in a hot dry region. Building and Environment, 30(4), 563-572.
Muhaisen, Ahmed S. (2006). Shading simulation of the courtyard form in different climatic regions. Building and Environment, 41(12), 1731-1741.
Muhaisen, Ahmed S., & B Gadi, Mohamed. (2006). Shading performance of polygonal courtyard forms. Building and Environment, 41(8), 1050-1059.
Rajapaksha, I., Nagai, H., & Okumiya, M. (2003). A ventilated courtyard as a passive cooling strategy in the warm humid tropics. Renewable Energy, 28(11), 1755-1778.
Reynolds, J. (2002). Courtyards: aesthetic, social, and thermal delight: Wiley.
Rust, C. (2010). Design for Healthcare. the United States of America: Renee Wilmeth.
Sadafi, Nasibeh, Salleh, Elias, Haw, Lim Chin, & Jaafar, Zaky. (2011). Evaluating thermal effects of internal courtyard in a tropical terrace house by computational simulation. Energy and Buildings, 43(4), 887-893. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.12.009
Safarzadeh, H., & Bahadori, M. N. (2005). Passive cooling effects of courtyards. Building and Environment, 40(1), 89-104.
Tablada, A, Blocken, B, Carmeliet, J, De Troyer, F, & Verschure, H. (2005). The influence of courtyard geometry on air flow and thermal comfort: CFD and thermal comfort simulations.
Wang, Yiming. (2006). Investigating the application of Chinese classical garden design principles to the revitalization of courtyard houses in Beijing. (MR20550 M.Arch.), Dalhousie University (Canada), Ann Arbor. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/docview/304952171?accountid=42518
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Full Text database.
